Variable-speed transmission-gear apparatus.



G. A. MORRIS. VARIABLE sum) TBANSXISSXOH GEAR APPARATUS.

APPLICATION TILED JUIB 10, 1907.

943,985. Patented Dec. 21,1909

M2:\ '1 sums-sum 1 o l o G. A. mumuS. "ARIABLE SPEED TRANSMISSION GEARAPPARATUS. APPLICATION IIIJJD JUNE 10, 1907.

Q- $3,935, Patented Dec. 21, 1909.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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APPLICATION FILED JUNE 10, 1907.

Patented Dem 21., 1909.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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v 0. A. MORRIS. VARIABLE SPEED TRANSMISSION GEAR APPARATUS.

I ABPLIOATION FILED JUHE 10, 1907. 9%3, 9a\

mm Dec. 21, 1909.

7 SHEET8-SHEET 4.

mmmm 772, CkarZesAJlbrrz's 44 "rowers WITNEM'ES 926W 2'2 Y5 0. A.MORRIS. VARIABLE SPEED TRANSMISSION GEAR APPA RATUS:

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 10, 1907.

Patented Dec. 1909.

7 SHEETS-41mm U mmv r00 Oil/a rzesJ-l .Mrres M TNESSES M A T700557? O.A. MORRIS.

VARIABLE SPEED TRANSMISSION GEAR APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 10, 1907.

Patented Dec. 21, 1909.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

nwzw 10/2 CkarZesA .Mbrns 0. A. MORRIS. VARIABLE SPEED TRANSMISSION GEARAPPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNEIO,

Patented D60. 21, 1909 7 SHEETSSHEET 7.

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CHARLES A. MORRIS, OF BLOOMFIELD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR OF THREE-EIGHTHSTO CHARLES .M. DIME AND THREE-EIGHTHS TO LEONARD BROOKS, BOTH OFBROOKLYN, NEW YORK,

V.Q.BIAB -E-SPEED TRANSMISSION-GEAR APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 21, 1909i Application filed June 10, 1907. Serial No.378,209.

To alfalfa-0m it mayconcern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES A. Moams,

a ci zen of the United States, residing in g elpment orsha'i't, andunimportant il(l\itll-' tage of such apparatus consists in a smooth andsteady operation of the several mechanisms under all conditions ofservice, both as a ,direct drive transmission or as areverse drivetransmission.

In,a broad aspect, the invention embraces a driving member. a drivenmember, a train of gears intermediate of the aforesaid members, andmeans whereby a fluid resistance opposes the transmission of motion,power or speed through the aforesaid gear train and from the driving tothe ,driven parts.

In one embodiment of the fluid resistance there is employed afluid-containing pump or clutch, preferably loose on the driving member,and provided with piston-chambers, in which operate a pair ofoppositely-mom able pistons, said pistons being connected to oppositelyextending cranks or eccentricswhich are provided on shatts,the lattercan rymg certain intermediate gears of the aforesaid train of gears.Said pump or clutch is charged with, or is adapted to con tain, anyappropriate resisting medium, such as a liquid, for example, glycerin oroil, and when the pistons are free to operate, said chamber to the otherthrough a closed liquid circuit which is provided in the pump or clutchcasing. l or interposmg lGSlSiilllCO to the operation of the pistons, tothe cranks of a valve mechanism adapted to be operated by the attendantor chaul'lour. The fluid resistance is under pressure at all times, andsuch pressure is utilized for the operation 01' a mechanical brake orclutch, the latter being held in a free or unapplied position by thepressure of the fluid, whereby the entire device is adapted to rotate asa unit with the driving member or shaftwhen it is desired to operate thedriven member or shaft at the same speed the driving member, the trainofreducing gears between the two aforesaid members being idle orineffective and the controlling valve being closed to shut oil thecirculation of the fluid through the piston chambers of the fluid pumpor clutch. Said mechanical brake or clutch is equipped with means forsetting or applying its shoes to or against a relatively fixed orstationary surface when the fluid is permitted to circulate by openingthe aforesaid controlling valve, whereby the fluid pump or clutch isadapted to be locked in a lixcd position by said mechanical brake orclutch and the pistons of said pumpare operated by the cranks oreccentrics so as to force the liuid, the latter opposing resistance tothe rotation of the cranks and certain gears of the train. \Vith thepump or clutch cylinder locked in a stationary position by themechanical brake or clutch, and the driving gear of the train operatingthe intermediate gears and parts associated therewith, the train ofgears are adapted to transmit the motion of the drivi mechanism to aWide open position, howliqnid is ca used to circulate from one piston iever, the pistons are free to operate in tho pump or cluleln that thebral" arrests the rotation of the frame or casting and the gear train isunlocltcth \vhcrcbv the train of gears operates to transmit the motionfrom one shaft to the other, the speed. of the driven shaft dependingupon the ratio of the gears one he the other in said train.

An important function of the valve mechy c it, is capable of varying thespeed: etween that .of the driving shaft and that speed given to thedriven shaft by the train of gears. Such variation is accomplished byadjusting the valve mechanism to difi'erent partially open positions soas'to regulate the slip of the fluid in the clutch or pump, whereby thedriven shaft may be operated at variable rates-of speed by themanipulation of the said valve mechanism so as to interpose more orlessvresistance to the operation of the pistons and the gear train. v l

' In my apparatus, provision is made for reducing the speed from themaximum -speed of the engine shaft to the lowest speed of a final drivenshaft, by employing a. series or train of the hereinbefore describedspeed reducing devices, each of which embodies a fluid pump, a train ofgears, and a fluid operated brake or clutch. Each of said speed reducingdevices is adapted to reduce the speedin a certain proportion determinedby the ratio of the train of gears of the said device, so that the exactspeed of the final driven shaft may be determined, and, further, thespeed may be varied by bringing one device or another of the series ofdevices into service, suitable selective mechanism being provided forsuch purpose. Furthermore, one-of said speed reducing devices has areversing gear train'whereby the driven shaft may be rotated in anopposite direction to the driving shaft. i The invention embodies,further, the employment of means whereby fiuidlost by leakage, orotherwise, may be replenished by automatically operating devices, so -asto.

maintain in each pump or fluid clutch a sufficient quantity of liquidwhich insures the operation of said pump or fluid clutch.

Furthermore, the invention contemplates the provision of an automaticrelief valve adapted, in the event of excessive pressure on the fluid,to open a bypass from the pump or fluid clutch to a storage chamber orreservoir.

The transmission gear apparatus of this invention may be used inconnection with various classes of machinery adapted to be drivenwithout shock or $211 and at variable speeds, but said apparatus isespecially useful in connection with automobiles, in the practicaloperation of which it is necessary frequently to change the speed to andfrom the high, low and intermediate speeds, or vice versa, and, also, toreverse the 'ClllGCtlOll of driving the vehicle.

In the accompanying drawings 1 have illustrated 'difi'erent practicalembodiments of the invention, but the constructions shown therein are tobe understood its illustrative, onlyjand not as defining the limits ofthe invention.

.Figure "1 is a side elevation with parts erases broken away and insection showing one e111 bodiincnt of my variable speed transmissiongear apparatus, said figure showing, mainly, a selective mechanism bywhich either of a plurality of speed reducing gears may 'bc brought intooperation. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section .taken in the planeof the dotted line 22 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrow.showing a reverse driving transn'iission uinl a direct drivingtransmission embodying this invention. Figs. 3 and l are \crtirul crosssections on the lines 3-3 and ll rcs iiectively, of Fig. 2. looking inthe direction of the arrow. Fig. 5 is an inverted or bottom plan view ofthe reverse driving transmission gear shown in Figs. 2 and l, the geartrain and certain of the parts being shown in horizontal section. Fig.(l is a vertical section on an enlarged scale illustrating a fluidstorage tank or reservoir and part of the pump or fluid clutch casingand relief valve and certain of the devices associated with theaforesaid parts. the plane of the section being indicated by the dottedline (5-43 of l ig. at. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section on the line 7-7of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is an ci'ilarged detail section through one form offilling valve adapted to be used in connection with the storage chamberor reservoir. Fig. l is a detail fragxn'ow tary view illustrating onemeans for ope ating a controlling or regulating valve employcd in thefluid clutch or pump forming tion, illustrating another embodiment ofthevariable speed transmission gear apparatus wherein I employ bevelgears in contradistinction to the trains of spin gears used in the.speed reducing devices of Figs. 2, l, and 5 of the drawings, the planeof these-- tion of said figure being indicatedby the dotted line 10-1Oof Fig. 11. Fig. ll-is u vertical cross section on the line ll ll ofFig. 10 looking in the. direction of the arrow. Fig. 12 is a horizontalcross section on the line l2l2 of Fig. 10.

-t designates a stationary casing which inclosos many of thewvorhingparts of my transmission gear apparatus. As shown, suid casing isdivided by transverse partitions, minto a plurality of chambers. Thfcends'of said casing, together with the partitions, (1, therein, areprovided with appropriate shaft bearings, 7), which receive and support.a plurality of shafts, herein designatcd us ll. 13, B", B. B", althoughthe number of shafts may be increased or decr-msed as found expedient.Said shafts are arranged in alinemeut one with the other, and they aresuitably supported in the bearings, I), so as lo be independent one ofthe other. The shaft, B, is adapted to be propelled or driven, eitherdirectly or indirectly, by the motor or engine so as to have a 'speedreducing device,and the shafts. 1%". B.

are driven at .still further reduced speed lower than the speed of theshafts, B" and ll. by still other speed reducing devices. so

that the shaft, B, will be the slowest driven shaft of the series.

- Between the shafts, B, B, it is preferred to provide the apparatuswith a' speed reducing and reversing device, t, which operates to drivethe shaft, 13', in an opposite direction to the shaft, B. Another speedreducing device, I), is provided between the shafts.

B, B which operates to drive the shaft.

B in the same direction, but at a reduced speed, as the said shaft, B.the latter shaft in this instance being the driving shaft.

while the shaft, B is the driven shaft. lietween the shafts, B B isanother speed reducing device, E, which is similar in construction tothe device, I). intermediate of the shafts, B, B and said device. It.operates to transmit the motion of the shaft. IF. to the shaft, B, at areduced speed. although it drives said shaft, B. in the same directionas the shaft, B The speed reducing devices between the several shaftsare identical in construction. except that the devicc. t, is equippedwith a train of gears. one of which is an internal gear adapted topropel the shaft. l3. in an opposite direction to the shaft, 13, so thatthe device. (1 serves both as a speed reducing'and reverse drivingdevice for the shaft, 13.

The several devices. (I D, l5 aml E, are adapted to rotate with theshaft, B, under one condition of service, but either or all, of thedevices may be brought into service for reducing the' speed by theadjustment of an appropriate selective mechanism, wlwrcby the device sobrought into service will operate to propel one of the shafts. such asll. B B, or B, at a rate of speed relative to the driven shaftdetermined by the ratio of taiucd in the chambers, 12, It, 72, of thebody, t or casting, (l.

ing devices, selecting for this purpose the device. C, which is shown inFigs. 2.- 4, 5, (5, 7. 8 and J.

()u the shaft. ll. is made fast a pinion, i

which meshes with other pinions, F,.l

the latter in turn meshin; withtho internal teeth of a larger gear. F.In Figj2,-thes hub. f. of said gear. F. is shown'as fitting thecontiguous ends of the shafts, B, B, but said gear is loose on theshaft, 13, and is made fast with the shaft. l3, by a key, 7', or othersuitable device.

Loosely mounted on the shaft, B, is a main frame or -astin,e' til, thesame forming the casing of a fluid clut h or pump, and

constructed to carry several of the working,

parts which cnteriuto the construction of each speed reducingdcvicc, C,D, I or E. part of this frame or casting, (i, is formed with the pistonchamber, /2, k, which are arranged on opposite sides of the shaft. B.said chambers beipg connected at one end by a fluid passage or chamber,lfi. see Fig. --t-. while their other ends are open. said open endsfacing in opposite directions. listons. ll. ll, are fitted in thechambers. /1. /1'. to operate therein, and the rods. /1, of said pistonsare connected to the cranks or eccentrics. [.v". of shafts, l, I, thelatter bein jonrnalcd in bearings, 2' of the frame or cast ing. (1.Plaid crank shafts. f, l.carry the gears. F. l, and the rotation of theshafts and of the gears thereon, is determined by a ttuid resistance tothe movement of the pistons. H, H. said fluid being con- J desi 'natcs acontfollii (r valve which is seated in the body or cast int, (if. at asuit able point across the connecting chamber. /1'-, whereby the valvemay be locked against fluid circulating between the piston chambers, /i,ll, and the pistons. l3l,.ll. are adapt-- ed to be held. practically, attest by the rcsistance of such fluid when locked by the valve, J. Saidvalvc may be of any suitable. or appropriate construction. but it is:shown as a conical plugvalve adapted t have a ground scat 1n the bodyor t'its'illlfl'.

the gears in the apparatu forming a part of the said device.

- and said device. t. operates to drive shaft.

B. at a reduced --pccd and in an opposite direction to said'sha'l't. ii.

i will now proceed to set forth in detail theconstruction of one of thespeed rcduc- (i. The valve is shown in l infi-las ha vine a transverseport. j, for the passage of fluid thcrcthrough \vhcn adjusted to an opcuposition. said port. j. bciu; adapted to alinc or register with thechambcr. l Suitable means should be provided for turning this valve. J.in its seal. and a onc means for this purpo e the valve plug i providedwith Ii toothcd sector. see Figs. 4 and S). sector mcshcs with thc teethof a rack. J. which is titted in a guide. j". stationary casing. one cudof said rack being connected pivotally by a pin. i. to a shipper arn1.'-l'-'.. on a groavcd collar. .l". Said grooved collar is mounted looselyon f one of the shafts. and it is operated .by-a le- The.

fixed within the ver, 5*, the latter being fulcrumed as at ;i 1 nuts, Z,for limiting the shoes to slidable on a bracket, j, mounted within thecasing, A, see Fig. 1.

With the valve, J, adjusted to a position in which its port, 7', is inalinement with the chamber, 11- the liquid contained in the body orcasting, G, is forced from one piston chamber, 11, through the passage,76-, and into the other piston chamber, H, when the piston, ii, isforced inwardly and the piston, ll, is drawn outwardly bythe operationof the cranks on the shafts, l, I, but when the piston, v vH movedinwardlvand the piston, H, is drawn outwardly, the liquid is t'orced inan opposite direction from one piston chamber into the other pistonchamber, whereby the shafts, I, 1', may be roiaied by the gear, F,meshing with thegea-rs, F, F, the'motion of the cranks and the pistonsbeing cushioned by the fluid. By closing the valve, J, however, so tomove its port, j, out ot' regisler with this passage h the liquid isprevented from circulating from one piston chamber into the other, butas the gear, F, has a tendency to turn the gears, F, l, and the crankshafts, I, I, the pistons, ll, ll, tend to exertpressure on the columnsof 'tluid contained in the body or casting, (l, at therespective sidesof the valve, J. The. pressure of the fluid, whether tree to circulateor locked against movement by the valve, J, is utilized for theoperation of a meghaniczl brake or clutch which, un-.

der certain conditions, is free to rotate with the pump or fluid clutchheretofore described, but when the valve, J, is opened this mecluinicalclutch operates to hold the body or casting, G, in a stationary positionso as to sure the operation of the train of gears and thereby propel oneshaft at a reduced speed by motion derived from the other shall. Saidmechanical bake or clutch is shown more particularly in Figs. 2, 3 and 5of the drawings, reference to which will now I he made.

,\l or near one end of the body or casting,

(i. there is provided a substantiall square guide member, Z, and acylinder, said cylinder being pre'li'erablv integral with the body orcasting, see Fig. 2. lnsaid cvlimler -operatcs a piston, K, the rod, I1of which conneclcd with one end portion of zryoke.

K, said yoke having itssido bars fitted. slid ably to or in the guidemember. l Against the other end of the yoke are sealed powerful coiledsprings, H,- which bear against the guide member, iv, and tend to forcethe yoke, K, in one direction for the purpose of applvlugr the brakeshoes. L, into engage- I ment with the brake face, Z, providedinmovement on the guide, Z. The brake shoes are connected operativelywith the yoke, K, by links, if, four of which are shown in each linkbeing pivoted at one end to the voice and its other end to a. shoe.

The connections between the fluid clutch or pump and the cylinder, 70,of the n1echanical brake or clutch are as folloivs:- From the pistonchamber, h, of the pump leads a pipe, m, which has its other end uniteda coupling, m, to an approxiinately T-shaped member, 972 of a unctionbox, M, Another pipe, o, is coupled at u to the casting, G, forcommunication with the other piston chamber, 71., and the other out,

of this pipe is united by a coupling, of, to

another T-shaped element, a of the junction box, M. seeliig 7. Thelegsof the members, or, a, are united to the box, M, by threaded cou'jliirgs, and said box is provided with a depending nipple, 0, to whichcoupled a. valve box or shell, 0, see Fig. c. From this valve or boxshell extendsa pipe, If, which leads and is coupled to the cylinder,71;, see Figs. 8 and 5. In the junction box, M, is suitable valve M,which is adapted to prevent the thud Iorced by one of the pump pistonsfrom passing into the ing,'at adjacent ends'of said members, seats,

m a for the reception of said valve, see

lugs. f3 and l. lhe valve in its travel trom one seat'to the other playsacross a bar, 0, in an inlet to the valve shell, (l, see F19. 7,

said valve being so proportioned that it does not in either of itspositions close the inlet to the valve shell, O. 'l. he valve, M,operated solely by the pressure of the fluid which is forced bit thepump, and when one piston forces"the fluid in one direction, as throughthe pipe, on, the valve is shifted to close the passage through theother pipe, 72, thus preventing the fluid from passingto lit) the other.piston chamber, but permitting tlie 'aressurefto be established in thepiston cylinder, is, through the valvebox, 0, and the pipe, 75f. Theoperation of opening. the valve, J, permits the pump to operate, thusestablishing a circulatioi'i of tluid in the pump fillltl decreasing thepressure in the cylinder, if, w iercupon the springs, 15?, move theyoke, K, endwise for the purpose of operating the links, L, and settingthe shoes, L, into frictional engagement with the stationary brakesurface. 5, of the casing.

A, said shoes being slotted at Z, and working easily over the bolts, P.

It will be noted that the pipes, m, n, are connected to one branch orthe 'i'kshaped members, of, u, of the junction box, M. To the otherbranches of these members,

m at. are attached the ends of a cross pipe or union, 1, by means of thecouplings, p, the latter containing seats, p, for the valves, P, P. Thiscross pipe or union is provided. With a pipe,.q, which is attached atits other end to a reservoir, Q, the latter being mounted (ll a part ofthe. frame or casting, G. b'aid reservoir is, preferably, of the curvedform shown in Figs. 5. and of the drawings so arto lie in compactrelation to the gear, F, and it is adapted to contain a liquid for thepurpose of replenishing the available workingtluid in the chambers ofthe pump should the quantity of the liquid ecrease owing to leakage, orfrom other causes.

The valve casing or box, O,. is provided with a relief valve, 0, whichis normally held closed on its seat, a, by means of a spring, 0 Saidspring rests on a cross plate, 0 attached tothe *asting, G, by bolts,0*, whereby the tension of the spring may be increased ordiminished tomake the relief valve open at the desired pressure. Said relief valve isseated below the part between the valve box, 0, and the pipefla, leadingto the cylinder, Ir, of the mechanical brake or clutch, so that thevalve has no control over the fluid circulating from the ump to thecylinder, lc; but this valve, i), normally closes the port of theby-pass, Q, which connects with the pipe, at a point. between itsattachment to the reservoir, Q, and the cross pi 1e or union, I, seeFig. The valve, M in the liquid circuit from the double acting pump tothe pressure cylinder of the mechanical brake or clutch, operates toequalize the pressure of the liquid which is forced by the two pistonsofthe pmnp, but normally the check valves, P, P, are closed by the ressureof the fluid and the valve, 0, is he d closed by its spring, O, or otherretractor. Should the working fluid in the pump decrease by leakage, orother causes, the piston or pistons, H, H, will establish a suctionthrough one pipe or other, m, n,'t'or the purpose of unseating thevalve, 1 or I, and thus draw through the pipes, y, and m, or a,sutticient liquid from the reservoir, Q, to replenish the liquid in thepump to its full working capacity.

Owing to the high speed of the pump, there may, under somecircumstances,be such pressure exerted on the fluid as will tend tobreak down the pump or other parts of the apparatus. The relief valve,0, is set to open automatically, against the tension of its spring,for-the purpose of permitting the fluid to be forced from the valve box,0, and the junction box, M, into the pipe, Q, and thence to thereservoir, Q, in which the surplus liquid will accun'mlate until it i isdesired to ut lizethe same in the operation of the pump or themechanical brake.

The reservoir, Q, should be provided with a suitable filling valve, Qsee Fig. 8. This direction.

valve has a stein, q", guided in a cage, 9 which is attached to thereservoir, Q. Sa1d cage has a filling port, q", into which may .bepassed the spout of a can, by pressing inwardly on which the valve, Qmay be pressed backward against the tension of the spring, 1", thusenabling an operator to easily rehll the tank, Q.

The levers, J, which operate the valves, J, of the speed reducingdevices, I), E and E. are adapted to be worked successively by theshipper rod, J, when it is moved eudwise in one direction as indicatedby the arrow, w, in Fig. l. The shipper rod is adapted to operate, also,the lever, J, for the valve of the speed reducing and reversing device,C, but it is preferred to work the lever, J. for the device, (I), bymoving the shipper rod in an opposite direction.

.-\n v appropriate means may be employed for operating the valve-shipperlevers from a manually controlled device, such as the rod, J, but asshown, the rod is provided with racks 1, 2, 3, i and 5. \Vith the rack 5engages a gear (3 on a shaft 7 which is" adapted to be operated by handfor the purpose of moving the rod, J, cndwise in either The racks 1, 2and 3 of the rod are adapted to engage successively with toothedsegments 8, 9, 10, each pivoted at 11 on a bracket 12. The shipperlevers, J,

have. slotted ends loosely engaging with studs 3 of the segments, thelatter being provided, also, with the locking studs 14: adapted toengage with a smooth edge. of the shipper rod, J The lever, J, of thespeed reducing and reversing device, C, engages with a segment 15 whichis adapted to mesh with the rack 4.

In Fig. '1, the levers, J of the direct drive rec ucing devices, D, E, Eare adjusted to open the valves, J, and enable the said devices tosuccessively reduce the speed from the shaft, B, to the shaft, B andfrom the. shaft, 13*, to the shaft, B and thence to the shaft B thusdriving the shaft, 13, at slow speed. The reverse driving device, C, in'said Fig. 1 is clutched fast with the shafts B, B, in order to rotatetherewith so as to makcthc shaft, B, rotate at the same speed and in thesame direction as the shaft, B, the shaft, B, being thus thedriving-member for the transmission apparatus.

The reversing and reducing device, C, has a train of gears, one. ofwhich is an internal gear, F adapted to drive the shaft, B, in anopposite direction to the shaft, B. Each of the direct driving devices,D or-E, and others which may be employed, is equipped with a train ofspur gears for propelling the (driven shaft in the same direction as thedriving shaft, of which driving and driven shafts'there are several inthe apparatus. As shown in Fig. 2, each direct driving speed reducingdevice between two adjacent shafts has a pump, a fluid-operatedmechanical ducing device, said spider having a hub clutch or brake, areservoir, Q, the several valve mechanisms, heretofore described, and

a train of gears, thelatter being-shown by said Fig.2 as consisting ofthe driving pin- 1o n, F, keyed on one of the shafts, as B,

the gears, F F fast with the crank shafts,

II, I, which are? mounted ing the frame or casting, G, said shafts, I,It, being journaled 1n the 'bear1ngs,' i 2' of-thesframe or casting, G,and in bearings, r, of the s ider, the gears, F21 keyed on thersha ts,I, I?

and the/gear, F fast with the driven shaft, 21513 1 it' will be observed,that in lieuof the train of reversing gears forming one element of thedevice, U, between the shafts, B, B, (said reversing gear including theinternally toothed \vheel, if", as one of the elements),

the direct drive speed reducing gearing comprised in each of thedevices, 1), E, E, consists of spur gears, one of whichfl is fast withthe driving shaft, ancther gear, F being fast with the (lI'lV8n Sl1fift,B and the intermediate gears, F F, which are carried by the crankshafts, I, I, and mesh respectively with the ,driving and driven gears,lfflfF v It is preferred to employ a spider, R, between two sets ,ofgears in each speed rewhich embraces loosely the contiguous ends of twoshafts, such as E, Bases Fig.2.

The preferred construction having been described, I will now proceed tosetforth the operation thereof, Each speed reducing device, 0,41), E, E,is charged with a suitable liquid, such as glycerin or oil, Which fills.

the chambers, IL, h, h, the pressure cylinder, is, of the mechanicalclutch or brake, the

Y reservoir or tank, Q, and the several pipes or passages connecting theaforesaid parts. vlfith the valves, J, closed in the chambers, 71 forthe purpose of preventing the circulation of the fluid in the pump ofeach de-' vice, C, l), E, E, the fluid offers such resistance to thepistons, H, H,'of each device that the crank shafts, I, I, cannot turn,in consequence of which the train of gears in each of the said devicesis locked, and the pistons, H, H, exert suchpressure on thefluid as willmaintain the piston, K, of the mechanical clutch or brake in anoutermost position, Whereb the yoke, K, is actuated by the ressure o thefluid to prevent the brake or c utch shoes, L, from engaging Withthecaslng, A. 1th the train of gears looked as described, each device,C, D, E, B, will cause the adjacent shafts to rotate at the same speedas the engine shaft, each device thus constituting a coupling betweenftwo adjacent shafts, whereby all the devices and "the shafts Willrotate with the speed ,of the engine shaft. When it is desired to rotateoneshaft, as B, in an opposite direction to the shaft, B, the device,(his brought into operation at such time as theother device D, E, E, areworking tojdrive the shaft, B, at the high speed, said device, C,serving the 7G purpose of a reversing mechanism between the shafts, B,B, for the purpose of ulti *mately driving the tinnlshaft, B ata slowerspeed land reversely to: the engine driven shaft, B Assuming that shaft,l3, isrot'atingat. the speed of the engine shaft, {the at:-

.,tendnnt moves the shipper rod, J .in 'an op' .posite direction to thatindicated by the artdw, (e, in Fig. 1, and the rack l engages thesegment of the lever, J whereupon the valve, J, in the pump ofthedevice, C, is turned and the pistons, H, H, are operated, therebyestablishing circulation of fluid in said pump. This reduces thepressurefin'the c linder, k, of the mechanical brake or c ut'ch so thatthe powerful coiled springs, 'K",' 'ove'i'coines the resistance of thefiuid in said cylinder, ls, whereby said springs impart sliding movementto the yoke, K, and operate the links, L, for the purpose of forcing theshoes, L, into frictional engagement with the casing, A. Them-echanicalbrake or clutch thus arrests the rotation of the frame or casting, G,because the latter is clutched firmly to the stationary casing,.,A, theshaft, B, turning freely in said casin This permits the pistons, H, H,to wort in the chambers, h, it", of the purn and. said pistons aredriven from the shaft, through the gear, F, the gears, 'Ffiend thefcrankshafts, I, I", said pistons tending to force the fluid back andforthxfrom onechambei to the other of the pump, and through the pas sageof chamber, if, of said pgunp. With the frame or casting, G, in a loc'ed position and the pistons operatin inthe pump the train of reversinggears, F, F F operate to transmit the motion and rower from the shaft,ii, to the shaft, B, t e internal gear,

F operating to drive the shaft, B, in an opposite direction to theshaft, B, and the other devices, D, E, E, driving the several shafts soas to propel the shaft*, B", at a slower speed and in an oppositedirection to shaft, B. I f

Under ordinary conditions of service the Ereuersing mechanism, C, doesnot operate to reverse the shaft, B. because the valve, J is t'losed sothat said device, C, merely couples the shafts, B, B,- together for rotationas a unit. \Vith all the valves J closed, the devices, I), E, E,rotate as a unitwith the shaft B, for the purpose-of, drivin the shaft,13*, in the same direction, and a the same speed, as the shaft, B, butthe speed of the shaft, 13*, may be reduced by opening 1 the valve, J,in one or more of the devices, D, E, E, the reduction in speed dependingupon the'number of said devices, D, E,;E, which may be brought intoservice. The de:

essary at this point to ret-ite in detail the -viee, l). is loelted inplaee. and the train of the shaft, B, in an opposite direction.

anisms. it will be understood that in eaeh de viee, l). is brought intoserviee as a speed reduein r gear b v moving the shipper rod. J", in thedireetion of the arrt-nv,'.1", and the rat-k l operates a segment 8 andthe lever. .l. to open the valve. J. inathe ptnn of said deviee. l).whereby the pistons of the pump are operated by the gear. Fflon theshaft, ll". driving the gears. I' which operate the l shafts. l I. so asto drive the pistons. lhe eireulation of the fluid thus established inthe pump of the deviee. I). reduees the pressure in the e vlinder of themeehanieal eluteli or bralt'e, thus permitting the springs. K of saiddeviee. l). to force the shoes, L. into engagement with the stationarveasing, wherein' the frame or eastiug. (l. of the de gears. F. l. F. 1*.of said deviee. I transmit the motion and power from the shaft. it. tothe shaft. ii thus driving said shaft. BE in the same direction as. andat a re dueed speed relativelv to. said shaft. ll. .ln addition tobringing the deviee, 1). into serviee theoperator. may still furthershift the rod. 'l. in the direetion of the arrow. .1. and malte therat-k .2 engage with the segment t), thereby opening the.valve, J. inthe .pump of the deviee. 1*]. whereupon the operation heretoforedeseribed in eonneetion with the device, I), is repeated in the device.E, for the purpose of driving the shaft. B, in the same tlireetion asthe shaft, l. and at a still further reduction in the speed; and thedescribed operations of the deviees, I); ll. may be repeated ineonneetion with the deviee. E. by still further moving the shipper rod,J, for the purpose of bringing the raekil into engagement with thesegment 10'. thus securing a further reduetion of the speed of thefilial driven shaft. ll.

.\s heretofore stated, the device, may be brou ht into service while thedeviees. l). IG. 1 are in use for redueing the speed, whereby thedevice, C, is adapted to drive While 1 have set forth generally theoperations of-the several speed reducing meelr viee the several valves.M, P, P, and t). operate in the manner heretofore deseribed with a viewto eontrolling the eireulatiou of the tiuid soas to avoid interfereneeof one pump piston with the other pump piston. to establish thenecessary quantity of fluid in tho pump and the several eonneeting passages, and to avoid excessive pressureon the eireulating fluid. but itis not eonsidered neeoperations of the several valves.

As heretofore deseribed, eaeh deviee. l). E or E serves, merely. as aelut'eh between two shafts when the valve, J. is closed. and as a powertransmitter when the valve, J, is opened, it bein, assumed that thevalve, J,

is opened to its full limit in order that the fluid clutch of saiddeviee will operate to its full capacity. \Vith the valve, J, in itswide open position. the deviee transmits the motion of one shaft to thenext shaft at a redueed speed determined by the ratio of the gears inthe train between said shafts. The 'alve, J. may. however. be openedonly part wa v for the purpose of regulating the quantity of tiuidpumped from one chamber to the other of the fluid clutch, whereby themeehanieal brake may be operated so as to eeure a eertain amount of slipbetween the liralte shoes. L, and the casing, A, and at the same timethe speed of the gearsin the train may be varied. Snell operation of thevalve." J. when partly opened makes provision for variation of the speedfrom one rlltlft to the other within or between the limits establishedby the ratio of the gears of the train in eaeh deviee between saidshafts, sueh variation of the speed depending upon the volnme'or theslip of the-fluid in the tiuid eluteh or pump. For example, should theshaft. 1;. or it. rotate at a speed of 11300 revolutions per minute andthe device, l). be geared to reduee the speed of the shaft, I. to tzoorev. per minute when the valve. .l. of said deviee. I). is wide open.then by partly opening said valve. J. the speed of shaft. ll". may bevaried between ltitlt) and 1200 rev. per minute, sueh variations of thespeed being; dependent upon the amount of slip of the liquid in thetiuid eluteh or pump of said devit'e. ll. This variation of speed may beell'eeted in eaeh of. the several deviees, l). l: or 1'). b appropriateadjustlnent and manipulation of the valve operat- It is silablefrequently to allow all the deviees. t. I I and ll'. to operate idlv sofar as'd'riving' the shaft I5 is eoneerned. in order that an automobileor other apparatusmay be stationary wliile the engine is runnine. Thisend is aeeomplished by adjusting the valve. J. to a partiall openposition in the deviee. I). so as to enable the lll(tllttllieal brake ofsaid deviee. l to slip relative to the raising, A. and as the otherdeviees. I). i i. are eontrolled by or from the d'eviee of thesliaftll). said deviees. ll. lC'. remain idle.

..\lthoug'h l have deseribed the reverse (htiving meehanism. (T, asadapted. when the valve. J. is opened. to reduee the speed of tho nextdriven shaft. ll. sueh reduction of speed of the shaft; B. is optional.The gear train of the device. C, ma) be proportioned to propel theshaft, 1}. at the same speed as. although in a reverse direetion to. theengine driven shaft, B, in whieh ease the other deviee or deviees, D. E.E. are relied upon to secure the desired reduetion'in the speed when theappa 'atus i adjusted for the reverse drive.

The apparatus shown in Figs. l toll) iniii elusive, employs spur gearingfor transmitting the unotion from one shaft to another,

but it is evident that bevel gearing may be employed for thispiirpose,substantially presented in Figs. 10, ll and 12 of the drawplo v bedescribed follows:

ecured tothe shaft, B.

is meshes with a bevel gear. F. which is carried. is a finidin aprimpmechanism contained in a casing, G, the latter-being shown ashaving a member, g,,mounted looselyon the shaft, B. 'When th s shaft, 1,and the bevelgear, F are free to rotate by the circulation of the liquidin the pump mechanism, said gear, .5 transmits the motion of the shaft,B, to a bevel gear, F which is fast on an end portion. of the shaft, B.-The device, C, embodies substantially the elements of the correspondingdevice, (3-, in Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive, but the parts are arranged someWhat differently as will now be described.

by a crank; shaft, 1. Said crank, shaft The frame or casting, G, isprovided with a chamber, it, in which is a fixed ledge, h,

cted to produce a by-pass, It, which connects the respective ends of thechamber, it, round the ledge or plate, 72 In the chanr her, it, operatesa piston, H, the rod of which is coni'iected with the crank, 2', of theshaft, l. The by-pass, it", is controlled by a alve, 3, which isoperated by a lever 15, the latter being connected with the collar 16which is slidable on the shaft, B, and is adapted be operated bysuitable means, such as the lever,-J, of Fig. 1. With the respective endportions of the piston chamber, it, communicate the pipes, m, '11-,shown in full and dotted lines in Fi 11, said pipesbeing connected withthe junction box, M, the respective end portions of Which are united bythe union, P, said parts containing the valves heretofore described.From the safety valve casing, 0, extends the pipe, which leads to thecylinder, is, of the mechanical clutch or brake, and in this cylinderoperates the piston, K, see Fig. 12. The motion of the piston in onedirection is opposed by the spring, K but the piston is forced againstthe pres ire of this spring by the fluid which is admitted to thecylinder, 75', by phe pipe, a. The rod, k ofthc piston is, in theexample shown, connected with a sliding collar 17, the latter beingmounted loosely on the shaft B, as shown in Figs. and 11. Pivoted tothis sliding collar are the toggles 18 which are connected with thebrake shoes, L, three of said shoes being shown in Fig. 11. The shoesare slidably mounted in guides 19which are provided on the member, g, ofthe frame or casting, G,

and said shoes are adapted to engage with adapted to be locked by theresistiihce of,

erases the friction surface, Z, of the stationary casing. A. The liquidis adapted to be supplied through the valved union, 1, from a reservoiror tank, Q, the latter being carried by the member, g, of the frame orcasting. The operation of the device, C, shown in Figs. ill) and ll isquite similar to that heretofore described in connection with thecorsive. Fig. 10 represents, also, another form of the devices, l) ,'E,or E, for transmitting the motion of the shaft, B, to the shaft, Bwhereby the latter is driven in the samedirection as the shaft,'B, andat a reduced speed. Said device, D, of Fig. 10 embodies that the, trainof'bevel gears is constructed same v direction as the shaft, B. For thispurpose the following style of gearing is employed: A bevel gear pinion,F, is secured on the shaft, B, so as to mesh with bevel gears, F, on theshafts, I, I. The

with a spur gear, F, on a counter shaft, 1 the latter being journaled inapart of the frame or casting, G. Said shaft, 1 has a bevel gear, FWhich meshes with a bevel pinion, F, on the shaft, 3 The crank, 2', ofthe shaft, 1, is connected with the piston, ll, arranged to Work in thechamber, h, the circulation of the fluid in which is controlled by avalve, J, operated in a manner heretofore described in connection withthe device, C, of Fig. 10. The pump is connected with the cylinder ofthe mechanical brake 0r clutch, and the latteris adapted for engagementwith the casing, A, so as to lock the frame .or'casting, G, when it isdesired to bring the train of bevel gearing into service to the shaft, B

Although I have shown herein, various alterations of my apparatus fortransmitting power and reducing speed, it will be understood that manyother embodiments in the form, size, prop'ortion'and arrangements ofparts may be made by a skilled constructor without departing from thespirit, or sacrificing any of the advantages, of this invention.

Having thus fully described the invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is: v

1. In an apparatus of the class described, a driving member, a'drivenmember, a fluid pump normally free witlr respect to said members. a geartrain having certain gears thereof fast, respectively, with the drivingand driven "members, other gears of sai train being mounted for rotationwith said pump, means for locking the gear train from rotation throughthe action of said pumpand causing said train and the pump to r0 thesome, elements as the device, C, except tate as a unit with said drivingand drivenresponding device, C, of l to 9,inclu and arranged todrive theshaft, B yin the shaft, 1, has a spur gear, F which-meshes fortransmitting the motion of the shaft, B,

members. ttuid-operatcd brake mechanism cooperating with the pump forrestrainingit than rotation. thereby permitting the gears ot the trainto rotate t'or transmitting the motion at one member to the othermember. and means for retaining thebralte mechanism in a substantiallyfixed, position l'tlth tive to the tluid pinup, said brake mechanismbeing released by the action"ot' the tluid in said pump.

2. In an apparatus of the class described, a driving member. a drivenmember, a train of gears intermediattLsaid members. a rotatable fluidpump coii 'ierating with said members and the gear train, said pumphaving means for restraining the fluid from circulating therein andcausing the aforesaid gear train to be locked in tixed'relation to thetwo members for rotation simultaneously and at equal speed therewith,and brake mechanism controllable by the fluid in the. pump and operatingto lock said pump in fixed position while permitting the fluid tocirculate in said pump, whereby the gear train operates to t insmitmotion, at a ditl'erent rate of speed. irom one member to,

the other member.

3. In an apparatus of the class describetil, a driving member. a drivenmember, a train of gears intermediate said members, a, ttuid pumpcooperating with saidgear trad l and with the driving and drivenmembers. said pump being adapted tor rotation with the gear train andwith said members at substantially the same speed, means for controllingthe circulation of tluid in said pump, thereby locking and releasing thegear train whereby the latter when released operates to transmit motionat variable speed from one member to the other member,.and a brakemechanism ctmtrollable by the tluid in the pump. said brake mechanismoperating to lock said ttuid pump in a. substantially fixed position andto release said pump for rotation as a unit with the gear train and theaforesaid shafts.

t. In an apparatus of the class described. driving and driven members, agear train intermediate said members, a rotatableeasing normally freewith respect to both meml'iers, means adapted to contain a fluid re- 1sistance for opposing the rotat on ot the individual gears ot' saidtrain. whereby the 'gear train locks or amples the aforesaid members forrotation simultimeously, said resistaneecontaining means being adaptedfor unitary rotation with thegear train, the

casing, and driving and driven members, and tluid operated brakemechanism in fluid connunnication with said resistance containin; meansand adapted to lock said casing .t'rom rotation. whereby the resistanceis removed t'rom the gear train and the latter is free to transmit themotion of one member to the other at a ditt'erent speed. 4

t). In an apparatus of the class described, driving' and driven members,a liqtlidaesistance piston-pump mounted loosely on one of said membersfor rotation freely thereon, said pump having separate piston chambersand a connecting passage intermediate said chambers, a gear trainintermediate said drivingand driven members, the pistons of said pumpcoiiperat ing with certain gears of said train; a valve operating insaid connecting passage of said pump for arresting and controlling thecirculation of liquid therein, and means for restraining said pump fromrotation with said gear train and the aforesaid members.

T. In an apparatus of the class described, drivingand driven members, aliquid-resistance piston-pmnp mounted loosely on one of said members forrotation freely thereon, said pump having separate piston chambers and aconnectim; pas; tee intermediate said chambers. a gear tram intermediatesaid driving and driven members. the pistons of said pump cobra-ratingwith certain gears of said train, valve mechanism operating to arrest orcontrol the circulation of liquid between the piston chambers of saidpump, and a liquid resistance brake mechanism controllable to lock saidpump in fixed relation to said gear train and to \enable said pump torotate at slow speed relative to that of the gear train.

in an apparatus of the class described, driving and driven members, agear train intermediate said members. a liquid-resistance pumpoperatively connected with certain gears of said train and adapted to hauni tary rotation with the aforesaid members and the gear train. meansfor controllingthe circulation of liquid in said pump, andliquid-operated brake mechanism adapted to the circulation of the liquidresistance, thereloclr said pinup from rotation With the gear by. li uidpressure of the aforesaid pump.

train, and a brake mechanism controllable train, said brake mechanismbeing actuated u an apparatus of the class described, driving and drivenmembers, a gear tram intermediate said members, a liquid pump forcontrolling the operation of said gear by the liquid pressure of saidpump for looking and releasing the latter, whereby said pump is adaptedfor rotation with said gear train and with the aforesaid members.

10. In an apparatus of the class described, driving and driven members,a gear train intermediate said members, a liquid pump for locking andreleasin said gear train, means for regulating the rcula-tion of fluidin said pump,- and brake mechanism controllable by the liquid pressureestablished in said pump, whereby said pump is adapted for unitaryrotation with said members and the gear train, or it may be locked infixed position relative thereto. I 11. in an apparatus of the classdescribed; driving and driven members, a gear train intermediate saidmembers, a liquid pump in cooperative relation to the members and thegear train and adapted to rotate in unison therewith, valve mechanismoperating in the pump for arresting and controlling liquid adapted tocirculate in said ump, whereby the liquid may be confined 1n the pumpfor locking the train of gears or the liquid may be permitted tocirculate and the gears thereby be permitted to' operate fortransmitting the motion of one member to the other member, and brakemechanism operated by the liquid of the pump for restrainin said pumpfrom rotation relative to the atoresaid members and the gear train.

152. In an apparatus oi the class described, driving and driven members,a gear train intermediate said members, means adaptedto contain a liquidresistance for opposing the operation of the ear train, valve mechanismwhereby the iquid is permitted to circulate and the gears are free totransmit the motion of one member to the other member, said fluidcontaining means being adapted for unitary rotation with said membersandthe gear train, and brake mechanism controllable by the pressure ofthe liquid and operatingto lock the liquid containing means fromrotation.

1-3. In an apparatus of the class described, driving and driven members,a gear train intermediate said members, means adapted to contain aliquid resistance for opposing the motion of the gear train, valvemechanism whereby liquid is held at rest and precludes the operation ofsaid gear train, said valve mechanism operating also to control byreleasing the gear train and permitting it to operate for transmittingthe motion oi one member to the other member, said liquid containingmeans being adapted for unitary rotation with said members when rotatingat high speed, and brake mechanism controllable by the liquid pressureof the liquid com tainiug means and adapted to lock tho same fromrotation when the gears are operating to transmit the motion of onemember to the other member.

i l. in an apparatus of the class described, driving and driven members,a gear train intermediate said members, a rotatable pump adapted tocontain a liquid resistance, pistons operated by said gear train andadapted to circulate the liquid resistance from one piston chamber tothe other of said pump, valve mechanism for holding the liquid at restin the pump or permitting it tocirculate therein under the action ofsaid pistons, the action of said gears on the liquid resistance securingrotation of said pump with the members when the fluid is restrained fromcirculation therein, and a brake mech anism controllable by thepressureof said liquid for locking and releasing the rotatable pump. 15.driving and driven members, a gear train intermediate said members, arotatable fluid ump mounted loosely on one of said memers, brakemechanism operated by liquid pressure of the pumpfor holding said pumpat rest, the pistons of said pump being operated by the geartrain forcirculating the liquid resistance in said pump, and means forcontrolling the circulation of said liquid resistance, the circulationof liqui in the pump 0 crating to release said brake mechanism, t erebypermitting said pump to ro-. tate with said gear train. I I v 16. In anapparatus of the class described, driving and driven members, 'a-g'eartrain In an apparatus of the class described,

ion

pump ada ted to contains, liquid resistance,

crank sha ts and pistons'for securln a circulation of the liquid, avalve for siutting off and controlling the circulation of liquid, and,liquid operated means for holding the pump at rest, said liquid operatedmeans being held mechanically in a substantially fixed position andadapted to be released by the liquid in said pump.

17. In an apparatus of the class described, driving and driven member's,a'gear traiii intermediate of said members, a rotatable pump adapted tocontain a fluid resistance, means for automatically maintaininga desiredquantitybf fluid in said pump and means for holding the pumpyor clutchat rest.

18. In an apparatus of the class described, driving and driven members,a geartrain intermediate of said members, a fluid pump operated by thegear train, fluid operated tion of said pump. means for relieving thethud in the pinup and the bralte mechani m ii'om excessive pressure. andmeans l'or controtting: the circulation ol' the lluid.

ltl. .ln an apparatus of the class described. driving;- and drircnniembcrs. a gear train in tcimcdiatc o'l said members. a ptunp adaptedto contain a tluid resistance. said pump being operated bv the geartrain. means for controlling the circulation of the fluid. and

train are made to rotate with both the driving and driven members. andbrake mechanism adapted to retain the rotatable pump at rest and withoutatl'cctine the rotation of the gear train. said brake mechanism beingcontrollable bv the liquid of said pump.

21. in an apparatus of the class described, d iving and driven members,a gear train intermediate said members. a rotatable liq uid pump adaptedto carry certain gears of said train. lllP-llllllltl contained in saidpump presenting a variable resistance to the operation ot the geartrain, means whereby the rotatable pump and the gear train are lockedttngeiher and with both driving and driven members tor securing rotationot' all the parts as a unit. and liquid ope 'ated brake mechanismct'introllable by the liquid in the pump and operating to hold thelatter at rest while permitting the gear t "ain to operare between saiddriving and driven memhers.

in an apparatus of the class described driving and driven members, agear train intermediate of said members. a rotatable member adapted to'ar ry certain guns of said train, a liquid pump For locking therotatable member. the gear train and the driv ing and driven members forrotation simultaneou ly, and brake mechanism controllable by the. liquidin said pump and adapted to ope ate normally in holding said pump in arelatively fixed position while permitting gear train to operate intransmitting the motion of the driving member to the driven member.

2. in an apparatus of the class described. driving and driven members, agear train intermediate of, said members. a rotatable member adapted tocarry certain gears of said train. a liquid pump tor locking therotatable member, the g ar train and the driving); and driven membersfor rotation si multa-neousl t'. lllttllhfOl controlling the circulationot liquid in said pump. and brake mechanism ope 'atiug to loch therotatable member substantially in lixcd po ition while the gear train isfree to rotatc. said brake mechanism being released b v the action olliquid in the pump when said liquid is restrained l'rom circulationtherein.

it. In an apparatus of the class described. driving and driven members,'a gear train intermediate of said members. a liquid pump adapted torotate as a unit with the gear train. means for controlling thecirculation ot liquid in said pump, and bralv'c mcchanism operating torestrain the pump from rotaiin; with said g *ar train, said brakemechanism being released when the liquid is re strained from circulatingin the pump.

25. In an apparatus oi the class described. driving; and driven members.a gear tiain between said members, a rotatable liquid pump havingconnectcd piston chambers, the pistons o'lsaid pump bcin operated bysaid gear train. a valve between the piston chain hers l'or controllingthe liquid 'in said pump. and a liquid operated braltc mechanismopposing the rotation of said pump, said bralte mechanism having liquidconnection with said pump.

20. ln :1 transmission mechanism. driving and driven members, a geartrain intermediate said nuimbers, a liquid pump the. pistons ot whichare operated by the motion of the gear train, valve mechanism adapted tocontrol the circulation of liquid in said pump, and brake mechanismadapted to restrain the pump from rotation with the gear train, saidbrake mechanism being controllable by the liquid ot said pump.

27. In an apparatus of the class described. driving and driven members.a gear train between said members, a rotatable tluid pump operated bysaid gear train. in aus for controlling the fluid in said pump. amechanial bralic adapted to rotate with the lluid pump. and fluidoperattal means for setting and releasing the mechanical braltc.

28. In an appa 'atus of the class described. driving and driven mcmbcis.a gear train between said member. a double acting; lluid pump operatedby said gear train. means whereby the fluid may be held at rest orpermitted to circulate in said pump, a fluid re ervoir. a thud-actuatedmechanical bralie. and valves for controlling" the direction ofcirculation of the lluid.

:25). In an apparatus of the. class described. driving and drivenmembers, a gear t'ain between said members, a double acting fluid pumpoperated by said gear train. means whereby the lluiduna) be held at restor permitted to circulate in said pump, a fluid reservoir. and a reliefvalve whereb} excessive pressure on the tiuid directs the latter.

into said reservoir.

230. vIn an apparatus of the class described, til'lv'lllg and drivenmembers, a gear-tra n between said members. a double acting-fluid pumpoperated by said gear train, means whereby the fluid may beheld at restor per mitted to circulate in said pump, a fluid- :u-tuated mechanicalbrake for locking the lluid pump, and valve meclranisni whereby thefluid is caused to circulate in a predetermined path relativc to thelipid pump.

31,111 a transmission mechanism, a plurality of speed reducing devioeseach embodying a liquid pump, a train of gears controllable by the pump,and brake mechanism operated by the-liquid of said pump. a drivingmember and a driven member 'in cooperative relation to one of said speedreducing devices, other driven members also cooperating with other speedreducing devices, and means whereby each of the speed reducing devicesmay be brought into or cut out-ot' action.

32. In a transmission mechanism, a plurality of speed reducing deviceseach ot which embodies a valvo-controlled liquid pump, a gear traincontrollalde by' said pump, and brake n echanism operated by the liquidof said pump, a driving member and a driven member cooperating with oneof the speed reducing devices, a plurality of other driven membersadapted to be operated by other of said speed reducing devices, andmeans for successivelySwinging the speed reducing devices into action.

33. In a transmission mechanism, a plurality of sperd reducing deviceseach having a valve controlled rotatable liquid pump, a gear train, andb 'ake mechanism controllable by the liquid in said pump, a drivingmember and a driven member cooperating with one of said speed reducingdevices and adapted for rotation as a unit therewith, other drivenmembers cooperating with other of said speed reducing devices, and meanswhereby the valves of said speed reducing devices may be operated forbringing saiddevices into action, thereby transmitting the motion of onemember-to the next adjacent member at, a different speed.

34. In a transmission mechanism, a plurality of speed reducing deviceseach including a rotatable valved liquid pump and agear train operatingconjointly to couple certain members for rotation simultaneously, adriving member and a driven member cooperating with one of said speedreducing devices, other driven members adapted to be.-

operated in turn by other of said speed reducing devices, and means foroperating s uccessively the valves in the pumps of said speed reducingdevices, whereby each device is adapted to be. operated by one of saidmembers for propelling the next adjacent member at less speed.

35. In a transmission mechanism, a driving, member and a driven meniber,a pluceases ralny of speed reducing devices, one of said dcv1cesoperating to propel the driven member in an opposite. direction fromthat of the driving member, other driven members-cm 36. In atransmission mechanism, a plu-,

rality of speed reducing devices each including a liquid pump, a trainof gears, and brake mechanisni controllable by the pressure of saidpump, a driving member and a" driven member coiiperating'with one ofStud speed reducing devices, other driven mem-l bcrs also cooperatingwith other of said speed reducing devices, means whereby Said speedreducing devioesare adapted to couple adjacent members for rotationsimultaneously, and means for operating-the liquid pumps oi theaforesaid devices whereby the successive devices propel the successivemembers at lessspeed than the members which precede them.

37. In a transmission mechanism, a plurality of speed reducing deviceseach having a valve controlled liquid .pump and a gear train, a drivingmember and a driven member cooperating with one of said speed reducingdevices and adapted to be coupled thereby for rotation as a unit, otherdriven members al o cooperatingwith other of said speed reducingdevices, and means for'successively operating the valvesdn the pumps ofthe speed reducing devices,'-whereby the successive speed reducingdevices operate to cause the successive members to rotate at're duccdspeeds.

229. In a transmissionmechanism, a driving member and a driven member, aplurality of speed reducin dEWlCGS one of. which cooperates with the,driven member and the drivin member, other driven members ('0-operating with other of said speed reducing devices, one of said speedreducing devices operating, also,to propel one of the driven members.reverse? to the next preceding member, means tiir controlling said speedreducing devices to couple the aforesaid members for rotationsimultaneously, and means whereby the 1eversing\ and reducing device maybe brought into igdepende'nt action and operating, also, to a just, theother speed reducing devices SHCCBSSlVGlY for pans ing-t-he successivemembers to-be ,driven ai progressively reduced speeds. y v

39. In an a pa'ratus of the'class described a plurality oi shafts, aplurality of devices conplin adjacent. shafts for rotatronv simultaneouy, and means for operatlng said dovices'at will, each device comprism atram of reducing gears, a valve control ed rota tablefluid pump forlocking and releasing said gears. and brake mechanism controllable bythe pressure of fluid in said pump.

40. In an apparatus of the class described,

-a plurality of shafts, a plurality of devices coupling said shafts forrotation simultane onsly, and means for operating said devices at will,one of said devices having atrain of' sha ts and a valve controlledliquid pump for locking and releasing said gear train, and operatingmechanism cooperating directly with the valves in the pumps of saidcoupling devices whereby the latter may be 'cansed to operate thesuccessive shafts at progressively reduced speeds.

42. In an apparatus of the class described, a plurality of alinedshafts, a speed reducing and reversing device between two of saidshafts, other speed reducing devices between eaclrpaii" of adjacentshafts, aml means whereby tlrdfaforesaid devices may be brought intooperation at will.

13. 'In'an apparatus of the class described, :Vplfimti'ty of alinedshafts, speed devices between the shafts, and operating means for thesait-l-devices, each device comprising a train of gears, 'tluid pumpsfor locking and releasin the gears, means fox-controlling the tluid inthe pumps, and brake mechanism controllable by pressure in the pump forlot-king said pump while. the gear train is in operation.

H. In a transmission mechanism, a series of shafts, a train of gearsoperating to connect each pair of adjacent shafts, a liquid pumpcooperating with each train ofgears, a valvdassociated with eachpumpxt'or precluding circulation of liquid therein whereby the pump mayrotate simultaneously with the gear train and, also, with said pair ofadjacent shafts, means for restraining the pump from rotation with thegear train upon opening said valve, whereby the gear tram operates totransmit motion from one shaft to the other of the pair of adjacentshafts, and means operated at will for opening said valves in order thatthe gear trains and pumps may operate successively in reducing the speedof the successive shafts.

45. In a transmission mechanism, a plurality of shafts, a. pluralitv ofgear trains each connecting two of said shafts, a liquid pumpcooperating with each gear train, liquid operated means adapted torestrain each liquid pump from rotation with its appropriate gear train,a valve adapted to control. the circulation of liquid in each pump, andmeans fol-operating said valves.

46. In a transmission mechanism, a plnrality of shafts, a plurality ofgear trains each connecting two adjacent shafts, one of said gear trainsbeing adapted to propel one shaft in an opposite direction from thatotthe next shaft, :1 pump coiipel'zlting with each gear train, means forretaining the pulfip in a state of rest, valve mechanism for controllingthe tluid in each pump. and means for operating said valve mechanisms atwill whereby the reverse gear train may be operated and the other geartrains may he brought successively into service.

47. In a transmission mechanism, a driv ing member, a driven member, agear .train intermediate said members, a liquid pump cooperating withthe gear train, liquid operated means for restraining said pump fromrotation, means whereby the liquid in the pump may be replenished tocompensate for leakage, and valve mechanism for controlling theliquid insaid pump.

48. In an apparatus of the class described, drivingand driven members, areversing .gear train between .said members, a fluid pitmp operated bythe gear train, and means for locking and releasing a column of fluid insaid pump. it In an apparatus of the class described, driving and drivenmembers, a gear train between said members, said train having aninternal gear adapted to propel the driven member in an op )ositedirection to the driving member, a ti uid pump operated by the geartrain, and means for controlling the circulation of fluid in said pump.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES A. Mfiltltl Witnesses Jas. H. GRIFFIN, II. I. Bl-IRNHARD.

